What are the forms of domestic violence? What can their manifestations be?

Ukrainian legislation distinguishes four forms of domestic violence: physical, psychological, economic, and sexual.

• Physical

Manifestations: slaps, punches, pushing, pinching, whipping, biting, as well as illegal deprivation of liberty, infliction of bodily harm, torture, causing bodily injuries of varying degrees of severity, leaving a person in danger, failure to assist a person in a life-threatening situation, causing death, committing other violent offenses.

• Psychological

Manifestations: verbal abuse, threats, including towards third parties, humiliation, stalking, intimidation, other actions aimed at limiting the person's will, control in the reproductive sphere, if such actions or inactions caused the survivor to fear for their own safety or the safety of others, resulted in emotional insecurity, an inability to protect themselves, or harmed the person's mental health.

• Economic

Manifestations: intentional deprivation of housing, food, clothing, other property, money, or documents, or the ability to use them; leaving someone without care or supervision; preventing access to necessary medical or rehabilitation services; prohibiting work, forcing labour, prohibiting education, and other economic offenses.

• Sexual

Manifestations: any sexual acts committed against an adult without their consent, or against a child regardless of their consent, or in the presence of a child; forcing a sexual act with a third party; as well as other offenses against sexual freedom or integrity, including those committed against a child or in the presence of a child.